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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 160-174.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00016

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科尔沁沙地植被覆盖度时空变化及成因

于静1(), 武文硕1, 付铭2, 高亚敏1,3()   

  1. 1.通辽市气象局,内蒙古 通辽 028000
    2.赤峰市气象局,内蒙古 赤峰 024000
    3.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所 中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-14 修回日期:2026-03-03 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 高亚敏
  • 作者简介:于静(1991—),女,内蒙古通辽市人,工程师,主要从事气候变化、陆表蒸散以及干旱监测研究。E-mail:yjarhope@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区气象局科技创新项目(nmqxkjcx202414);干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM202310);中国气象局生态系统碳源汇重点开放实验室开放基金项目(ECSS-CMA202411);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2025MS03094)

Spatiotemporal variation and causes of vegetation coverage in Horqin Sandy Land

Jing Yu1(), Wenshuo Wu1, Ming Fu2, Yamin Gao1,3()   

  1. 1.Tongliao Meteorological Bureau,Tongliao 028000,Inner Mongolia,China
    2.Chifeng Meteorological Bureau,Chifeng 024000,Inner Mongolia,China
    3.CMA Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction/ Gansu Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster,Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • Received:2025-11-14 Revised:2026-03-03 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-27
  • Contact: Yamin Gao

摘要:

作为中国防沙治沙的主战场,科尔沁沙地植被覆盖度(Fractional Vegetation Cover, FVC)的变化是评估区域生态治理成效的关键指标。本研究基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台,反演2000—2023年生长季FVC长时序数据集,综合运用Sen-MK趋势分析、变异指数、Hurst指数等方法,系统揭示FVC的时空演变、稳定性及未来趋势,进而通过偏相关分析、土地利用转移矩阵和冗余分析(RDA),定量辨析气候与人类活动的驱动作用。结果表明:(1)时间尺度,生长季FVC呈上升趋势,年均增长率为0.43%,等级结构显著优化,极高覆盖度占比从17.45%跃升至49.78%;空间尺度,FVC呈现高覆盖度广布、低覆盖度斑块交错格局,无显著方向性分异。(2)FVC稳定变化区域占比为47.89%,不稳定变化区域占比为44.13%,后者多呈斑块状分布于科尔沁沙地西部;Hurst指数显示,90.13%的区域未来变化与过去一致,其中63.28%的区域持续性极强(H >0.7),预示改善趋势将长期维持。(3)降水是主导气候因子,与FVC呈正相关的区域占74.05%(显著正相关占12.46%,P<0.05);人类活动呈双向驱动,其中裸地→草地/林地转化带来了显著的生态正向收益,而耕地→建设用地及草地→裸地转化则对局部植被生长有负向效应。冗余分析定量揭示人类活动是影响科尔沁沙地植被空间格局的核心驱动力,其对格局变化的解释贡献度达67.44%。本研究可为科尔沁沙地生态治理与干旱半干旱区植被动态监测提供科学依据与方法参考。

关键词: 科尔沁沙地, 植被覆盖度, 时空变化, 成因

Abstract:

As a critical frontline in China's battle against desertification, the Horqin Sandy Land's vegetation dynamics serve as a vital indicator of the efficacy of regional ecological governance. Leveraging the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this study retrieved a long-term time-series dataset of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) during the growing seasons from 2000 to 2023. By integrating Sen-MK trend analysis, the coefficient of variation, and the Hurst exponent, we systematically investigated the spatiotemporal evolution, stability, and future trajectory of FVC. Furthermore, partial correlation analysis and a land use transition matrix, complemented by redundancy analysis (RDA), were employed to quantitatively disentangle the driving forces of climate and human activities. Our key findings reveal: (1) There was a significant upward trend in growing-season FVC, with an average annual growth rate of 0.43%. The FVC structure improved substantially, as the proportion of extremely high coverage soared from 17.45% to 49.78%. Spatially, FVC presents a mosaic pattern of widespread high-coverage areas interspersed with patches of low coverage, showing no clear directional differentiation. (2) Vegetation change was stable in 47.89% of the area, while unstable changes, concentrated in patchy zones within the western region, characterized 44.13%. The Hurst exponent suggests strong persistence in future trends, with 90.13% of the region expected to maintain its current trajectory 63.28%,exhibiting extremely strong persistence (H>0.7), indicating that the ongoing improvement is likely sustainable. (3) Precipitation emerged as the dominant climatic factor, positively correlating with FVC in 74.05% of the study area (12.46% showing significant positive correlation, P<0.05). Human activities exerted bidirectional impacts: land conversions from bare land to grassland/forest land yielded substantial ecological benefits, while transitions from farmland to construction land and grassland to bare land negatively affected local vegetation. Notably,RDA quantitatively identified human activities as the core driver shaping the spatial pattern of vegetation, accounting for 67.44% of the observed changes. This study provides crucial scientific evidence and a methodological framework for guiding ecological governance in the Horqin Sandy Land and for monitoring vegetation dynamics in arid and semi-arid regions globally.

Key words: Horqin Sandy Land, vegetation coverage, temporal and spatial variation, drivers

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